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- By Joshua Tucker
- 16 Nov 2025
Tomas Anez Dos Santos toiled in a small glade deep in the Peruvian Amazon when he noticed movements coming closer through the dense woodland.
He became aware he was encircled, and stood still.
“One person stood, pointing using an bow and arrow,” he recalls. “Unexpectedly he noticed that I was present and I started to run.”
He found himself encountering members of the Mashco Piro. For a long time, Tomas—dwelling in the modest settlement of Nueva Oceania—was practically a local to these nomadic tribe, who shun contact with outsiders.
A new study issued by a advocacy group indicates remain a minimum of 196 of what it calls “uncontacted groups” left in the world. This tribe is thought to be the most numerous. The report states a significant portion of these groups may be eliminated over the coming ten years unless authorities neglect to implement further measures to safeguard them.
The report asserts the most significant risks stem from timber harvesting, extraction or exploration for oil. Remote communities are highly vulnerable to basic disease—therefore, the study notes a threat is caused by interaction with religious missionaries and social media influencers looking for engagement.
In recent times, the Mashco Piro have been venturing to Nueva Oceania increasingly, based on accounts from residents.
This settlement is a fishing village of a handful of households, sitting high on the banks of the Tauhamanu River in the center of the Peruvian jungle, half a day from the most accessible village by canoe.
The area is not recognised as a safeguarded reserve for remote communities, and logging companies work here.
Tomas reports that, on occasion, the noise of heavy equipment can be heard continuously, and the Mashco Piro people are witnessing their forest disturbed and destroyed.
In Nueva Oceania, residents say they are torn. They dread the projectiles but they also possess strong admiration for their “kin” residing in the jungle and want to safeguard them.
“Allow them to live in their own way, we can't alter their way of life. This is why we maintain our distance,” states Tomas.
Residents in Nueva Oceania are anxious about the damage to the Mascho Piro's livelihood, the threat of violence and the possibility that timber workers might expose the tribe to illnesses they have no defense to.
During a visit in the community, the tribe appeared again. A young mother, a resident with a toddler daughter, was in the jungle picking food when she noticed them.
“We heard calls, cries from individuals, many of them. Like it was a whole group calling out,” she informed us.
This marked the first time she had met the group and she fled. After sixty minutes, her mind was continually racing from terror.
“Because there are timber workers and firms cutting down the jungle they are fleeing, possibly because of dread and they arrive in proximity to us,” she said. “It is unclear what their response may be with us. This is what scares me.”
Recently, two individuals were attacked by the group while fishing. One was wounded by an bow to the gut. He survived, but the other person was found lifeless subsequently with multiple puncture marks in his frame.
Authorities in Peru has a approach of avoiding interaction with isolated people, rendering it prohibited to start contact with them.
This approach was first adopted in Brazil subsequent to prolonged of campaigning by community representatives, who noted that early exposure with remote tribes resulted to entire communities being eliminated by illness, poverty and starvation.
Back in the eighties, when the Nahau tribe in Peru first encountered with the outside world, half of their people succumbed within a matter of years. In the 1990s, the Muruhanua people faced the identical outcome.
“Remote tribes are very vulnerable—from a disease perspective, any contact may transmit sicknesses, and even the basic infections may wipe them out,” states a representative from a local advocacy organization. “In cultural terms, any exposure or intrusion may be very harmful to their existence and well-being as a group.”
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Lena Hoffmann is a seasoned journalist with a passion for uncovering stories that matter, specializing in German current affairs and digital media trends.